Johannes
Gutenberg was born circa 1395, in Mainz, Germany. He started
experimenting with printing by 1438. In 1450 Gutenberg obtained backing
from the FINANCIER Johann Fust, whose impatience and other factors led to Gutenberg's loss
of his establishment to Fust several years later. Gutenberg's
masterpiece, and the first book ever printed from movable type, is the
“Forty-Two-Line” Bible, completed no later than 1455. Gutenberg died in
Mainz in 1468.
When
a craftsman revolt erupted in Mainz against the noble class in 1428,
Johannes Gutenberg’s family was exiled and settled in what is now
Strasbourg, France, where his experiments with printing began. Already
familiar with bookmaking, Gutenberg perfected small metal type.
Infinitely more practical than carving complete wood blocks for
printing, each type was a single letter or character. Movable type had
been used in Asia hundreds of years earlier, but Gutenberg’s innovation
was developing a casting system and metal alloys which made production
easier.
http://www.biography.com/people/johannes-gutenberg-9323828
THE PRINTER HE INVENTED
http://www.byte-notes.com/types-printers
Impact printers
An
impact printer makes contact with the paper. It usually forms the print
image by pressing an inked ribbon against the paper using a hammer or
pins. Following are some examples of impact printers.
Dot-Matrix Printers
Daisy-wheel printers
Line printers
Band printers
Non-impact printers
Non-impact
printers do not use a striking device to produce characters on the
paper; and because these printers do not hammer against the paper they
are much quieter. Following are some non-impacted printers.
Ink-jet printers
Laser printersEVOLUTION OF PRINTERS
Dot matrix printer : 1970
Daisy wheel printer:1969
Inkjet printer:1951
Laser printer:1971
THERMAL PRINTER:1965
who was it invented by :
laser printer:Gary Starkweather
DOT MATRIX PRINTER: Centronics
DAISY WHEEL PRINTERS: David S. Lee
INKJET PRINTER:Epson, Hewlett-Packard
DOT MATRIX PRINTERS
DAISY WHEEL PRINTER \
LASER PRINTER
INKJET PRINTER
THERMAL PRINTER 
THE TECHNOLOGY USED IN THESE PRINTERS:
DOT MATRIX PRINTERS:
The dot-matrix printer uses print heads containing from 9 to 24 pins. These pins produce patterns of dots on the paper to form the individual characters. The 24 pin dot-matrix printer produces more dots that a 9 pin dot-matrix printer, which results in much better quality and clearer characters. The general rule is: the more pins, the clearer the letters on the paper. The pins strike the ribbon individually as the print mechanism moves across the entire print line in both directions, i-e, from left to right, then right to left, and so on. The user can produce a color output with a dot-matrix printer (the user will change the black ribbon with a ribbon that has color stripes). Dot-matrix printers are inexpensive and typically print at speeds of 100-600 characters per second.
DAISY WHEEL PRINTERS:
In order to get the quality of type found on typewriters, a daisy-wheel impact printer can be used. It is called daisy-wheel printer because the print mechanism looks like a daisy; at the end of each “Petal” is a fully formed character which produces solid-line print. A hammer strikes a “petal” containing a character against the ribbon, and the character prints on the paper. Its speed is slow typically 25-55 characters per second
LASER PRINTERS :
http://blog.comboink.com/2010/12/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-dot.html
http://nclarion.weebly.com/advantage-and-disadvantage-of-inkjet-printers.html
INKJET PRINTERS :
Advantages of inkjet printers:
1) Low cost
2) High quality of output, capable of printing fine and smooth details
3) Capable of printing in vivid color, good for printing pictures
4) Easy to use
5) Reasonably fast
6) Quieter than dot matrix printer
7) No warm up time
Disadvantages of inkjet printers:
1) Print head is less durable, prone to clogging and damage
2) Expensive replacement ink cartridges
3) Not good for high volume printing
4) Printing speed is not as fast as laser printers
5) Ink bleeding, ink carried sideways causing blurred effects on some papers
6) Aqueous ink is sensitive to water, even a small drop of water can cause blurring
7) Cannot use highlighter marker on inkjet printouts
http://laserprinterwirelesss.blogspot.ae/2012/04/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-laser.html
Disadvantages
Leave a reply
Thermal label printers are used nearly every day by most work places these days and it’s probably best that you know the advantages and disadvantages of owning a thermal labeling printer. First, how do they even work? Basically they use heat to create and print images on to paper either by heat onto sensitive paper or ribbon cartridges.
The advantages of owning a thermal printer is that first, they are considerably cheaper than your usual printer and can be found at most stationary shops in all sorts of different models sizes and styles. These printers are extremely easy to use because they don’t have many buttons and the software which hooks up to your computer is so easy to install and use as well!The machines are great for offices, homes and even warehouses. They are extremely quiet which means wherever they are set up, it doesn’t disturb or upset anyone else in the office. They can also work very well for printing standard black and white, or text documents and they generally print quicker than standard printers to.
Unfortunately, with most things there will be some disadvantages. Like when the printer gets too hot it will start printing out more ink than it should or even needed. This then potentially runs up your cost of ink and having to buy more because you keep running out. If it does regularly get too hot it is probably best to get a professional to look at it or to change the printer head.
These printers don’t usually print out colours as vibrantly as standard printers for this reason it’s not a good idea to use them to print images or photographs and they will look dull or blurry! Also the ink tends to take longer to dry the ink on the papers compared to standard printers. If you pick up the paper too quick, you could smudge the ink and if you’re printing more than one paper it could transfer onto other paper.
TINKER-CAD
MAIN OBJECTIVE; TO Scale, Copy & Paste result
reference http://3dprinting.com/what-is-3d-printing/
3D printing or additive manufacturing is a process of making three dimensional solid objects from a digital file. The creation of a 3D printed object is achieved using additive processes. In an additive process an object is created by laying down successive layers of material until the entire object is created. Each of these layers can be seen as a thinly sliced horizontal cross-section of the eventual object.
HOW DOES 3D PRINTING WORK?
A laser printer works like a photocopy machine. Laser printers produce images on paper by directing a laser beam at a mirror which bounces the beam onto a drum. The drum has a special coating on it to which toner (an ink powder) sticks. Using patterns of small dots, a laser beam conveys information from the computer to a positively charged drum to become neutralized. From all those areas of drum which become neutralized, the toner detaches. As the paper rolls by the drum, the toner is transferred to the paper printing the letters or other graphics on the paper. A hot roller bonds the toner to the paper.
Laser printers use buffers that store an entire page at a time. When a whole page is loaded, it will be printed. The speed of laser printers is high and they print quietly without producing much noise. Many home-use laser printers can print eight pages per minute, but faster and print approximately 21,000 lines per minute, or 437 pages per minute if each page contains 48 lines. When high speed laser printers were introduced they were expensive. Developments in the last few years have provided relatively low-cost laser printers for use in small businesses
INKJET PRINTERS:
Ink-jet printers work in the same fashion as dot-matrix printers in the form images or characters with little dots. However, the dots are formed by tiny droplets of ink. Ink-jet printers form characters on paper by spraying ink from tiny nozzles through an electrical field that arranges the charged ink particles into characters at the rate of approximately 250 characters per second. The ink is absorbed into the paper and dries instantly. Various colors of ink can also be used.
One or more nozzles in the print head emit a steady stream of ink drops. Droplets of ink are electrically charged after leaving the nozzle. The droplets are then guided to the paper by electrically charged deflecting plates [one plate has positive charge (upper plate) and the other has negative charge (lover plate)]. A nozzle for black ink may be all that’s needed to print text, but full-color printing is also possible with the addition of needed to print text, but full-color printing is also possible with the addition three extra nozzles for the cyan, magenta, and yellow primary colors. If a droplet isn’t needed for the character or image being formed, it is recycled back to its input nozzle.
THERMAL PRINTERS:
thermal printer comprises these key components:
- Thermal head: generates heat; prints on paper
- Platen: a rubber roller that feeds paper
- Spring: applies pressure to the thermal head, causing it to contact the thermosensitive paper
- Controller boards: for controlling the mechanism
In order to print, thermo-sensitive paper is inserted between the thermal head and the platen. The printer sends an electric current to the heating elements of the thermal head, which generate heat. The heat activates the thermo-sensitive coloring layer of the thermosensitive paper, which changes color where heated. Such a printing mechanism is known as a thermal system or direct system. The heating elements are usually arranged as a matrix of small closely spaced dots—thermal printers are actually dot-matrix printers, though they are not so called.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES PF THE PRINTERS http://blog.comboink.com/2010/12/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-dot.html
DOT MATRIX PRINTERS :
Advantages
- The Dot matrix printers are cheap and easily available in the market.
- They can make carbon copies of the print out unlike non-impact printers.
- The printing costs are the lowest as compared to other printers.
- The printout fades gradually rather than coming to a halt suddenly. You therefore get plenty of time to change the ribbon before crisis emerges.
- They use paper continuously unlike other printers that require frequent change of paper.
- The maintenance cost is low as compared to other printers.
- They tolerate dirty and hot conditions as are found in industrial environments.
Disadvantages
- The output is not high resolution. Color printout is limited and the print speed is also lesser as compared to non-impact printers. Therefore, the quality of print out in general is not very good. This affects the scanner readability of the print out.
- The printer creates great deal of noise while the pins strike the ribbon to the paper.
- The pins get bended easily destroying the print head.
- The single sheet of paper has to wound and aligned by hand which is time-consuming and hectic. This also makes it prone to jamming frequently. Although paper jamming can happen with any printer, fixing it here is not an easy task.
- The density of barcodes is low and may fail to match user’s standards.
DAISY WHEEL PRINTERS :
Daisy wheel printer advantages and disadvantages
Daisy wheel printers have a similar mechanism to a manual typewriter. It uses interchangeable pre-formed type elements, each. Unlike another impact printer, the daisy wheel printer, it does not utilize. Disadvantages: They're VERY noisy, slow and you must change the ribbon. What are the advantages of a daisy wheel printer? it is noisy and very slow as compare to non impact printers. Ironically, whereas the daisy-wheel printer and pen-plotter struggled to.
Daisy wheel printers use an impact printing technology invented in 1969 by David S. Lee at Diablo Data Systems. Dot matrix printers: Advantages Dot matrix printers, like any impact. Advantages: the final print copy looks like it's been typed on a high quality typewriter. All in One Printers: Advantages and Disadvantages of Laser Printers: Ink Feast: Inkjet Printer. Chain printers are in some way similar to daisy-wheel.
Daisy wheel printers use an impact printing technology invented in 1969 by David S. Lee at Diablo Data Systems. Dot matrix printers: Advantages Dot matrix printers, like any impact. Advantages: the final print copy looks like it's been typed on a high quality typewriter. All in One Printers: Advantages and Disadvantages of Laser Printers: Ink Feast: Inkjet Printer. Chain printers are in some way similar to daisy-wheel.
Advantages using daisy wheel printer
What are the advantages and disadvatages of a daisy. Advantages: the final print copy looks like it's been typed on a high quality typewriter. The main advantage of using a daisy wheel printer is that the print quality is high because exact shape of the character hits the ribbon to leave and impression on paper. A daisy-wheel printer prints characters by impacting a round printer wheel, which has.
Another great advantage of laser printers is the speed, which is in some cases. What are the advantages of a daisy wheel printer? it is noisy and very slow as compare to non impact printers. Daisy wheel printers have a wheel with raised letters and symbols on it that looks like a daisy, which is how the printer got its name. One main advantage of using a daisy wheel printer is the high print quality, which is superior to that of dot matrix units and has been compared with that of laser.
Another great advantage of laser printers is the speed, which is in some cases. What are the advantages of a daisy wheel printer? it is noisy and very slow as compare to non impact printers. Daisy wheel printers have a wheel with raised letters and symbols on it that looks like a daisy, which is how the printer got its name. One main advantage of using a daisy wheel printer is the high print quality, which is superior to that of dot matrix units and has been compared with that of laser.
Daisy wheel printer advantages
You might be surprised to learn that impact printers. This type of printer was popular a while back because the only other choice was a daisy-wheel printer that didn't print any graphics. Daisy wheel printers use an impact printing technology invented in 1969 by David S. Lee at. The main disadvantage of this printer is that they make noise when. Disadvantages: They're VERY noisy, slow and you must change the ribbon.
Advantages of inkjet printers:
1) Low cost
2) High quality of output, capable of printing fine and smooth details
3) Capable of printing in vivid color, good for printing pictures
4) Easy to use
5) Reasonably fast
6) Quieter than dot matrix printer
7) No warm up time
Disadvantages of inkjet printers:
1) Print head is less durable, prone to clogging and damage
2) Expensive replacement ink cartridges
3) Not good for high volume printing
4) Printing speed is not as fast as laser printers
5) Ink bleeding, ink carried sideways causing blurred effects on some papers
6) Aqueous ink is sensitive to water, even a small drop of water can cause blurring
7) Cannot use highlighter marker on inkjet printouts
http://laserprinterwirelesss.blogspot.ae/2012/04/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-laser.html
LASER PRINTRERS :
Advantages
- The main benefit behind these printers is probably its efficiency and speed at printing. Laser printers are also known as 'page printers' as they printdocuments a page at a time, and performs it at a very fast rate.
- They furnish highest potential production in comparison with the other types of printers. This is generally due to the technology behind it as laser printersutilize electro-photography for printing which results in potential output.
- While it is a small issue, noise can be very unproductive and disturbing specially at a work place, laser printers are highly optimized and barely emits any sound.
- They also offer user-friendliness with other features like self-printing, where printing maybe done without supervision thus addition productivity at the workplace.
Disadvantages
Laser Printer Wireless
- With the extra benefits in comparison with other printers, they are a lot more costly.
- Laser printers are considerable and utilize complicated technology and perform fast output, the result of which is a relatively large hardware gadget which can take up a lot of space.
- As they are non-impact printers, multipart stationary cannot be used thus double printing cannot be simultaneously performed.
- While the cost is an issue, an initial venture only maybe worth it based on your organization's or personal requirements, any way maintenance, servicing and mend of this hardware gadget is also very high thus laser printers aren't very economical.
- Laser printers are also known to be dangerous to the atmosphere and your health. Due to the high voltages when running the machine, small amounts of ozone are generated which can damage the ozone layer. Some laser printer sare also known to emit particles that are suspected to cause respiratory diseases.
THERMAL PRINTERS:
Advantages & Disadvantages of Thermal PrintersLeave a reply
Thermal label printers are used nearly every day by most work places these days and it’s probably best that you know the advantages and disadvantages of owning a thermal labeling printer. First, how do they even work? Basically they use heat to create and print images on to paper either by heat onto sensitive paper or ribbon cartridges.
The advantages of owning a thermal printer is that first, they are considerably cheaper than your usual printer and can be found at most stationary shops in all sorts of different models sizes and styles. These printers are extremely easy to use because they don’t have many buttons and the software which hooks up to your computer is so easy to install and use as well!The machines are great for offices, homes and even warehouses. They are extremely quiet which means wherever they are set up, it doesn’t disturb or upset anyone else in the office. They can also work very well for printing standard black and white, or text documents and they generally print quicker than standard printers to.
Unfortunately, with most things there will be some disadvantages. Like when the printer gets too hot it will start printing out more ink than it should or even needed. This then potentially runs up your cost of ink and having to buy more because you keep running out. If it does regularly get too hot it is probably best to get a professional to look at it or to change the printer head.
These printers don’t usually print out colours as vibrantly as standard printers for this reason it’s not a good idea to use them to print images or photographs and they will look dull or blurry! Also the ink tends to take longer to dry the ink on the papers compared to standard printers. If you pick up the paper too quick, you could smudge the ink and if you’re printing more than one paper it could transfer onto other paper.
TINKER-CAD
MAIN OBJECTIVE; TO Scale, Copy & Paste result
I LEARNT HOW TO SCALE COPY AND PASTE IN TINKERCAD
I USED CYLINDERS ABOUT THREE OF THEM AND ADJUSTED
THE SIZE.
LESSON 2
LESSON 2 IN TINKERCAD
MAIN OBJECTIVE ;TO MAKE A Key ring, letters! result
I LEARNT HOW TO MAKE A KEY RING USING LETTERS .
TASK 1 GIVEN
MADE BY TANYA
TASK 2 GIVEN
MADE BY TANYA
3D PRINTING
3D PRINTING
WHAT IS 3D PRINTING ?reference http://3dprinting.com/what-is-3d-printing/
3D printing or additive manufacturing is a process of making three dimensional solid objects from a digital file. The creation of a 3D printed object is achieved using additive processes. In an additive process an object is created by laying down successive layers of material until the entire object is created. Each of these layers can be seen as a thinly sliced horizontal cross-section of the eventual object.
HOW DOES 3D PRINTING WORK?
It all starts with making a virtual design of the object you want to create. This virtual design is made in a CAD (Computer Aided Design) file using a 3D modeling program (for the creation of a totally new object) or with the use of a 3D scanner (to copy an existing object). A 3D scanner makes a 3D digital copy of an object.
3d scanners use different technologies to generate a 3d model such as time-of-flight, structured / modulated light, volumetric scanning and many more.
Recently, many IT companies like Microsoft and Google enabled their hardware to perform 3d scanning, a great example is Microsoft’s Kinect. This is a clear sign that future hand-held devices like smartphones will have integrated 3d scanners. Digitizing real objects into 3d models will become as easy as taking a picture. Prices of 3d scanners range from very expensive professional industrial devices to 30 USD DIY devices anyone can make at home.
WHAT IS THE TECHNOLOGY BEHIND IT?
Not all 3D printers use the same technology. There are several ways to print and all those available are additive, differing mainly in the way layers are build to create the final object.
Some methods use melting or softening material to produce the layers. Selective laser sintering (SLS) and fused deposition modeling (FDM) are the most common technologies using this way of printing. Another method of printing is when we talk about curing a photo-reactive resin with a UV laser or another similar power source one layer at a time. The most common technology using this method is called stereolithography (SLA).
Some methods use melting or softening material to produce the layers. Selective laser sintering (SLS) and fused deposition modeling (FDM) are the most common technologies using this way of printing. Another method of printing is when we talk about curing a photo-reactive resin with a UV laser or another similar power source one layer at a time. The most common technology using this method is called stereolithography (SLA).
To be more precise: since 2010, the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) group “ASTM F42 – Additive Manufacturing”, developed a set of standards that classify the Additive Manufacturing processes into 7 categories according to Standard Terminology for Additive Manufacturing Technologies. These seven processes are:
- Vat Photopolymerisation
- Material Jetting
- Binder Jetting
- Material Extrusion
- Powder Bed Fusion
- Sheet Lamination
- Directed Energy Deposition
WHERE WOULD YOU FIND 3D PRINTING ?
3D PRINTERS ARE FOUND ALMOST EVERYWHERE AS THEY ARE USED IN DIFFERENT OCCUPATIONS BY DIFFERENT PEOPLE NOW WE CAN ALSO BUY 3D PRINTERS FROM ELECTRONIC STORES.
WHO WOULD USE 3D PRINTING?
Applications include rapid prototyping, architectural scale models & maquettes, healthcare (3d printed prosthetics and printing with human tissue) and entertainment (e.g. film props).
Other examples of 3D printing would include reconstructing fossils in paleontology, replicating ancient artifacts in archaeology, reconstructing bones and body parts in forensic pathology and reconstructing heavily damaged evidence acquired from crime scene investigations.
DESIGN SITUATION
I AM A STUDENT FROM EMIRATES INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL MEADOWS . IN ICT WE ARE USING A SOFTWARE CALLED TINKER CAD ALSO KNOWN AS COMPUTER AIDED DESIGNING.
In 3D computer graphics, 3D modeling (or modelling) is the process of developing a mathematical representation of any three-dimensional surface of an object (either inanimate or living) via specialized software. The product is called a 3D model. It can be displayed as a two-dimensional image through a process called 3D rendering or used in a computer simulation of physical phenomena. The model can also be physically created using 3D printing devices.
Models may be created automatically or manually. The manual modeling process of preparing geometric data for 3D computer graphics is similar to plastic arts such as sculpting.
3D modeling software is a class of 3D computer graphics software used to produce 3D models. Individual programs of this class are called modeling applications or modelers.
